History of Computer

Earliest Computer

• Originally calculations were computed by humans, whose job title was computers.
• These human computers were typically engaged in the calculation of a mathematical expression.
• The calculations of this period were specialized and expensive, requiring years of training in mathematics.
• The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century

Tally Sticks:

• A tally stick was an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, or even messages.

Abacus  An abacus is a mechanical device used to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations.

• The abacus was invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C.
• The abacus in the form we are most familiar with was first used in China in around 500 B.C.
• It used to perform basic arithmetic operations.

Napier’s Bones

• Invented by John Napier in 1614.
• Allowed the operator to multiply, divide and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards

Slide Rule

• Invented by William Oughtred in 1622.
•  Is based on Napier's ideas about logarithms.
•  Used primarily for

1.  Division
2.  Roots
3.  Logarithms
4.  Trigonometry
5.  Multiplication

• Not normally used for addition or subtraction. William Oughtred Slide Rule CSCA0101 Computing.

Stepped Reckoner

•  Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1672.
•  The machine that can add, subtract, multiply and divide automatically.

Arithmometer

• A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820,
• The first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine.
•  The machine could perform the four basic mathematic functions.
• The first mass-produced calculating machine.

Difference Engine and Analytical Engine

• It an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions.
• Invented by Charles Babbage in 1822 and 1834
• It is the first mechanical computer.

First Computer Programmer

• In 1840, Augusta Ada Byron suggests to Babbage that he use the binary system.
• She writes programs for the Analytical Engine.

Scheutzian Calculation Engine

• Invented by Per Georg Scheutz in 1843.
• Based on Charles Babbage's difference engine.
• The first printing calculator.

Tabulating Machine

•  Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890.
• To assist in summarizing information and accounting.

Havard Mark 1

• Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC).
• Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943 • The first electro-mechanical computer.

Z1

• The first programmable computer.
• Created by Konrad Zuse in Germany from 1936 to 1938.
• To program the Z1 required that the user insert punch tape into a punch tape reader and all output was also generated through punch tape.

Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)

• It was the first electronic digital computing device.
• Invented by Professor John Atanasoff and graduate student Clifford Berry at Iowa State University between 1939 and 1942

UNIVAC 1

• The UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1) was the first commercial computer.
• Designed by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.

The First Portable Computer

• Osborne 1 – the first portable computer.
• Released in 1981 by the Osborne Computer Corporation

The First Computer Company

• The first computer company was the Electronic Controls Company.
• Founded in 1949 by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly.